Type

Description

Treatment

Neuroblastoma

A cancer of the sympathetic nervous system which most often originates in the adrenal glands above the kidney. The most common solid tumour outside of the brain.

Most often occurs in children under the age of 5.

Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.

Stem cell and bone marrow transplantation is used in some cases.

Retinoblastoma

A malignant tumour of the retina (a thin membrane in the back of the eye). It is the most common type of eye cancer found in children. The tumour may be in one eye only or in both.

Most commonly seen in children younger than 5 years.

Treatment depends on whether the tumour affects one eye or both eyes and if the disease has spread to other parts of the body.

Different combinations of surgical techniques, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy are often used as treatment.

Germ Cell Tumours

Appear most commonly in the testes, the ovaries, the area at the bottom of the spine (sacrococcygeal) and in the middle of the brain, chest, or abdomen.

Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.